■
【この本】
理論書というより遺言書
【ジラスの重要な主張】
②共産主義の官僚的な国家主義への転化がマルクス主義のイデオロギー的危機の理由
マルクス主義はイデオロギー的正統性を失い、私たちは資本主義に代わる哲学を失った。
【quotation】
p206
“…Lenin then revised Marx in his turn by developing the revolutionary side of his teaching. That is where Lenin exhibited the highest degree of originality. Suppressing or slighting the humanistic side of Marx and thereby abandoning even the idea of democratic socialism and social democracy, Lenin expanded his own Party and his own ideology.”
→So Lenin make Marx's thought changed
p230
“Returning to Lenin in words and solemn declarations cannot change fundamentals. It is one thing to disclose this or that crime of Stalin's, but quite another to hide the fact that this was the very man who "built socialism," who laid the foundations of Soviet society and the Soviet empire. For all its transformation technologically and perhaps precisely for that reason, Russia for decades lay under the spell of its framework of Stalinist dogma.”
p259
“Stalinism was not actually a "mistake" but the logical outcome of Marxism. Because Marxism, or communism, believes in its own hardheaded scientism, it is not possible to effect any sort of change in it, to create any sort of communism without this being Stalinism to one degree or another”（FALL OF THE NEW CLASS A HISTORY OF COMMUNISM'S SELF-DESTRUCTION, Djilas, 1998, Alfred A Knopf Publisher. NewYork)
→I think it's couldn't attribute to Marxism. Cause Marxism originally disagree Stalinistic thought. Its thought is totally different from Marxism. If one were to say its failure can attribute to the outcome of Lenism. And if we read Karl korsch
maybe we can get another perspective towards Marxism. From this point maybe we can recognise Marxism more difficultly.
あと、デリダもマルクスの亡霊の中でマルクス主義に一定の評価をしていた。そこも参考にする
《But, just because he was a scientist, economist, and sociologist, Marx never thought of constructing an all-inclusive philosophical or ideological system. He once said: "One thing is certain; I am not a Marxist."》p4, new class, HBJ Book,1983
But Djilas also had recognised the cause of despotism and dogmatism in Marx's thought.
“In the pretensions of contemporary Communism of being, if not the unique and absolute, but in any case the highest science, based on dialectical materialism, are hidden the seeds of its despotism. The origin of these pretensions can be found in the ideas of Marx, though Marx himself did not anticipate them.”
p289
“In historic perspective the first victory of Marxism (the October Rev olution) also marked the start of its decline. Communism thereafter did indeed spread, but not exclusively thanks to its own visions or to the activity of the national Communist movements.” I agree with this argument.
p294
“Marxism is the ideology that first spread the world over, the first ideology that gave the world a significant push to unite. Perhaps this is precisely why Marxism is condemned to vanish and to deny its own mission.”
→is the totality is the cause of failure of Marxism?
but I think as zizek and Marcuse says Marxism-dialectical materialism has negation. So I don't think Marxism is totalitarianism.
p304
“Utopia never did come to be realized, nor could it be. Of the original ideal there remained only its element of methodical, "scientific," total violence. For utopia is not in itself evil on the contrary, it is inspirational. What is evil is utopia as potential power containing the reality of Marxist doctrine.”
p336
“But ideas in political practice can change their meaning and their attractiveness. The idea of human rights is at one and the same time the spiritual forerunner of American technology and of American finance; it undergirds the broadening of American influence in the world. Capital, though cannot be expected to be in harmony with the spirit of human rights.”
Djilas although he disappointed with the consequences of Marxism but he didn't prefer to go back to capitalism.
